Artifacts is a visual history of the five greatest technical breakthroughs of every year since 1965, from the Intel 4004 to the Nvidia H100. It began as internal research — we wanted to see, on one shelf, every breakthrough that produced a generational company.
Sixty years. Three hundred objects. One lesson: the future is more legible if you study the past carefully enough. The early days of the dot-com era rhyme with the early days of the AI era. The patterns are only visible to those who have looked.
Studying the past is how we process the present.
Dimensions
8.25" × 11"
Pages
258
ISBN
9798218719463
Design
HSO
Printing
Druckerei zu Altenburg
Selected Spreads
258 pages across five eras
Five Eras
Moore's Law came to life as microprocessors, floppy disks, and barcodes shrank computing power onto chips and into homes. Xerox PARC introduced the graphical interface and Ethernet, while Apple and Microsoft brought personal computing to the masses. By the early 1980s, semiconductors had transformed computers from lab machines into everyday gateways to a digital future.
In the 1980s and '90s, the PC leapt from research labs into homes, classrooms, and businesses. IBM, Apple, and Microsoft defined a new era, while Dell, Photoshop, and After Effects turned computers into creative and business engines. Nintendo, Sony, and Pixar fused computing with entertainment, and Windows 95 cemented the PC as intuitive, indispensable, and inseparable from culture.
Dial-up modems ushered in the internet, which quickly grew from novelty to necessity. Amazon, eBay, PayPal, and Netflix showed its commercial promise, while Napster and the dot-com boom revealed its risks. Wikipedia, WordPress, and MySpace democratized publishing and connection, while Facebook made clear that the internet wasn't just about information — it was about people.
Smartphones and cloud computing shrank the world to our pockets. The iPhone, Android, AWS, and Azure fueled a new era of connectivity, while Uber, Airbnb, Instagram, and Slack reshaped communication, culture, and commerce. Streaming, e-commerce, and electric cars scaled, social media commanded billions, and AI breakthroughs previewed the future — all carried by the cloud.
Artificial intelligence surged from research labs into the mainstream, ushering in a new era of capability and creativity. ChatGPT, MidJourney, and other generative models redefined how we communicate, build, and design, while trillion-dollar investments from Microsoft, Google, and Apple signaled AI's central role in the future. Algorithms now shape how we shop, learn, and receive care, with breakthroughs in language, vision, and hardware carrying us into the next era.
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